More easily it is broken down by COMTD. What type of drug do you recommend?AnswerA. Rothaermel
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NURS 6521 advanced pharmacology Final Exam (6 Versions, 600QA), NURS 6521N advanced pharmacology Final Exam (6 Versions, 600QA)Preview 4 out of 203 pagesPreview 4 out of 203 pagesStuvia customers have reviewed more than 450,000 summaries.
Drugs
High bulk diet
Depression, confusional states
Various local conditions including carcinoma
Old age, immobility
Anticholinergic agents
Ca channel antagonists
Opioids
Tricyclic antidepressants
Muscarinic agonists
Increases the bulk of the stools
Increases the bowel transit time
Slowly distends the wall of the colon
Increases the effective caloric content of the diet
Takes up water and swells
Is a monosaccharide
Is broken down in the small intestine by bacteria
Is broken down to unabsorbed organic anions which retain fluid
Produces laxative effects after 2-3 hours
Is of particular value in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
As it discourages the proliferation of ammonia producing organisms
As it decreases the absorption of ammonia
As it decreases chronic portal hypertension
As it acidifies the stools
As it improves functions of CNS after absorption from the GIT
Is a laxative which acts within 1-2 days
Dilates more helpful hints gallbladder and relaxes the sphincter of Oddi
Increases the secretion of cholecystokinin
Increases gastric, intestinal and pancreatic secretion
Should be given in dilute solution to a fasting individual
Their laxative effect is limited mainly to the large intestine
Naturally occuring glycosides are completely absorbed from the gut
After absorption they are secreted in the bile, breast milk and colon
Prior to absorption Senna glycosides are hydrolyzed to active principles
Their hydrolysis into the sennosides A and B is due to colonic bacteria
Act directly on the intramucosal plexus of the gut wall
Take about 8 minutes to produce an effect
Should not be given to pregnant women
Should not be given to nursing mothers
Can induce diarrhea with excessive loss of water and electrolytes
Is useful if a rapid effect is required
Acts as a rectal stimulant due to local irritant action
Cannot be used in children
Rectal suppositories promote colonic evacuation in 30 minutes
Exerts severe diarrhea with loss of water and electrolytes
The colon becomes dilated and atonic
The colon exerts increased activity
Sodium depletion can be induced (hypotension, secondary aldosteronism)
Hyperkalemia can be induced (weakness, polyuria)
Changes are due to prolonged use of stimulant laxatives
Antibiotics are best avoided in non-pathogenic diarrhea
Antibiotics are best avoided in viral gastroenteritis
Oral rehydration should be used for initial therapy
Electrolytes and glucose should be supplemented for initial therapy
Oral rehydration and electrolytes supplementation are required particularly in children and in the elderly
Antibiotics to treat systemic illness
Antibiotics in evidence of bacterial infection
Antidiarrheal drugs decreasing intestinal transit time
Antidiarrheal drugs increasing bulk and viscosity of the gut contents
Opioids, antimuscarinics
Codeine (an opioid)
Morphine (an opioid)
Loperamide
Diphenoxylate
Fysostigmin
Is a chronic disorder
Characterized by frequent recurrences
Comprises duodenal and peptic ulcers
The incidence of duodenal ulcers is four to five times lower than that of gastric ulcer
Affects approximately 50% of the population
Acid-pepsin secretion
Mucosal resistance to attack by acid and pepsin
The age
Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
The presence of Helicobacter pylori
Is produced by endocrine cells in the gastric antrum cells
Is stimulated by gastrin
Is inhibited by acetylcholine
Is inhibited by histamine
Is stimulated by prostaglandin E
Is the principal prostaglandin synthesized in the stomach
Is an important gastroprotective mediator
Inhibits secretion of acid
Inhibits secretion of protective mucus
Causes vasoconstriction of submucosal layer
Bicarbonate
Milk
Bile
Ethanol
Salicylates
Is a bacterium strongly linked to the development of gastric ulcer
Is usually found in the gastric antrum
Cannot colonize other areas of stomach and patches of gastric metaplasia on the duodenum
Is a common cause of antral gastritis
May alleviate symptoms in dyspeptic patients
Is present in the stomach of 5% of patients with duodenal ulcer
Clearance of H. .